Solidification and solidification processing, including
semi-solid forming, micro-casting form MEMS, composite
materials and supercooling of metals.

1954~ 1956 Metallurgist at Abex Corporation,
Mahwah, New Jersey
1956~1961 Assistant Professor, MIT
1961~1969 Associate Professor, MIT
1970~ Abex Professor of Metallurgy, MIT
1975~ Ford Professor of Engineering, MIT
1979~1982 Director, Materials Processing Center at MIT
1999~2001 Co-Director, Singapore-MIT Alliance
2001~ Toyota Professor emeritus, MIT

1961 Simpson Gold Medal from the American Foundrymen's
Society
1969 Mathewson Gold Medal of TMS
1973 Henry Marion Howe Medal of ASM International
1977 Henri Sainte-Claire Deville Medal by the Societe
Francaise de Metallurgie
1980 John Chipman Award from AIME
1985 James Douglas Gold Medal from the AIME
1986 Luigi Losana Gold Medal, Italian Metallurgical
Association
1993 TMS 1993 Bruce Chalmers Award
1997 Acta Metallurgica J. Herbert Holloman Award